1. 掌握情态动词的种类，形式。

2. 区别近义的情态动词，掌握虚拟初步用法。

二. 情态动词

1. must、can、could、may、might、will / would、shall / should、need、dare

△must的肯定式表示“必须”，否定式mustn’t表示“禁止，严禁”的意思。

如：

You must come here .    

You mustn’t take the book away from the library .

同义词为have to do , 表示“不得不”一般表示客观原因造成的“不得不、被迫”

如：My car was broken , so I had to walk home .

△can的肯定式表示“能、会”“可以”，否定式can’t表示“不能，不会，不可以”。

如：He can swim .  I can’t swim .   You can go now .

同义词为be able to do , 也表示“能，会”一般表示经过努力才具有的能力与can的区别，主要是它可有时态。

如：

He was able to count to 10 , 000 when he was 3 .

He will be able to walk next month .

△may表示“可以”，否定式may not表示“不可以”表示经某人允许。

如：You may go home now .  You may not go home now .

△will表示“将要，打算”用于将来时，否定式will not / won’t表示“将不”“不打算”。

如：He will come here next week .   He won’t come home .

△shall用于第一人称后表示“将要”“打算”否定式shall not表示“将不，不打算”。

如：We shall go home together .   I shall go there first .

用于其他人称后表示“必须，得”与must相近，但表示别人认为主语“应该，得”

如：He shall go and see his aunt .    Shall he open the door ?

△need表示“需要”，否定式needn’t表示“不需要，不用”

如：He need do some washing .    You needn’t stay here any more .

△dare表示“敢于……”否定式dare not表示“不敢……”

如：He dare say no to wrong things .   He dare not go home alone at night .

注：need与dare除情态动词用法外还有实意动词用法，且意义不变。

如：

He needs some water .   

He doesn’t need to go home .    

He needs to go to the hospital right now .

2. could , would , should , might

这四个词除了做过去式外，还表示委婉语，此时与时态无关。

△could表示“可以”

如：

You could open the door .   

Could you please give me the cup ?   

Could I come in ?

△would表示“可以，是否可以”此时一般只用疑问式且只用于you

如：

Would you please give me the book ?   

Would you please not go away ?

△would like to do表示“愿意，喜欢”

如：

Would you like to go with me ?    I would like to buy this book .

△should表示“应该”“必须”；ought to 用于表示“应该”（强调客观上）：（大多情况可用 should 代替）

如：

You should give me the book back .  

What should we do next?

He shouldn’t go out on such a bad day .

You ought to go to see the doctor.

You oughtn’t（ought not）to smoke so much.

Each member shall wear a name card.（表示规定）

I should answer his letter as soon as possible.（表示应该）

You shouldn’t judge a man always by the clothes. 

The rules shall take effect on　Jan. 1st.

△might表示“可以”与may基本上可互换，但他语气较弱。

如：

You might go home , but you must finish your homework .

3. 情态动词之间的问答与反义疑问句

May / Can I go home now ? 

Must I stay here ?

Shall we go now ?  All right .

Need I return the book ?

Shall I make some tea ?

【典型例题】

[例1] It’s nearly seven o’clock. Jack ______ be here at any moment.

A. must     B. need    C. should    D. can

（答案为C，表示有把握的主观推测用should不用can，can表示自然而然的推测，且很少用于肯定句中）

[例2] Mr. Brown, many students want to see you, ______ they wait here or outside?

A. shall     B. will     C. can      D. would

（答案为A，shall用于第三人称时表示征求某人对此人的意见）

[例3] —When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon .

  —They ______ be ready by 12:00.  

A. can     B. should     C. might     D. need

（答案为B，同例1）

[例4] I __________ advise you not to do that again in the future.

A. dare     B. would     C. should    D. need 

（答案为C，此处should译为“必须”，表劝告）

[例5] When I went out，whom __________ I meet but our old friend？

A. should    B. could    C. might     D. would

（答案为A，表示“应该”，“需不需要”，征询意见）

[例6] —The room is so dirty． ______we clean it?

—Of course

   A. Will    B. Shall   C. Would   D. Do

（答案为B，同上）

[例7] —What’s wrong with your car?

—I don’t know. It just _____ start.

A. mustn’t    B couldn’t     C. wouldn’t    D. shouldn’t

（答案为C，此处不强调车子的能力，而强调事实本身，故用wouldn’t，且此句中宜用can’t而不是couldn’t）

[例8] You ______ take my raincoat. I ______ do without it till tomorrow morning.

A. may, can       B. may, may  

C. can, may        D. must, can

（答案为A，前面表示许可，后面表示能够）

[例9] How_______ there be such a thing?

A. may     B. can      C. must      D. will

（答案为B，表示可能性大的推测）

[例10] He______ have the book when I finish reading it.

A. will   B. shall      C. must     D. ought

（答案为A，表示将要）

[例11] Be quiet, please, or his voice ______ be heard.

    A. can’t  B. mustn’t   C. isn’t able to   D. may not

（答案为D，表示可能性，A太绝对）

[例12] Why_____ you always interrupt me?

    A. can     B. will    C. may      D. must

（答案为D，此处表示总得…，一定要…）

[例13] What _______ we to do next ?

A. have     B. used     C. ought      D. are

（答案为C，ought to do疑问式）

[例14] If your children ______ do as I tell you , you ______ let them be.

A. won’t, shan’t                       B.（不填）, will 

C. don’t, shan’t                 D. must, shall

（答案为C，主将从现）

[例15] Man ____ die without air or water.

    A. will    B. shall     C. should    D. would

（答案为A，表示大的可能性）

[例16] This pen looks like mine, yet it isn’t. Whose ____ it be?

A. must     B. can      C. would     D. will

（答案为B，推测提问）

[例17] _____ I to go and apologize for my mistake?

A. Should   B. Need     C. Ought     D. Have

（答案为C，ought to do疑问式）

[例18] —May I talk about it with anyone I like?

—No, you ______.

A. shouldn’t  B. mustn’t  C. needn’t  D. don’t have to

（答案为B，表示不可以，禁止）

[例19] A teacher______ do every exercise, but a pupil must.

A. may not     B. needn’t     C. can’t      D. mustn’t

（答案为B，表示不必要）

【模拟试题】

（    ）1. —       I get there on time today ?  — No , you needn’t .

A. Can          B. May              C. Must       D. Should

（    ）2. — May I talk about it with anyone I like ?  — No , you       .

          A. shouldn’t     B. mustn’t         C. needn’t         D. don’t have to

（    ）3. A teacher       do every exercise , but a pupil must .

          A. mayn’t       B. needn’t         C. can’t       D. mustn’t

（    ）4. — Will you please give her a message when you see her ?

           — Yes , I       .

          A. shall          B. will            C. can         D. must

（    ）5. — Would you come back later next time ?

           — No , I       .

          A. shan’t       B. wouldn’t       C. won’t        D. mustn’t

（    ）6. — Must we finish copying all these articles this morning ?

           — No , you       .

          A. mustn’t      B. haven’t        C. not have to     D. don’t have to

（    ）7. The little girl       dance before so many guests ,       she ?

A. doesn’t dare to , dare         B. daren’t , does

C. dares not , dare              D. daren’t , dare

（    ）8.       you tell me what’s happening over there ?

A. Could        B. May        C. Might         D. Shall

（    ）9.       I have a word with the manager , sir ?

A. Will          B. Would      C. May          D. Can

（    ）10. — Something flying far away must be a hawk .

— No , it       be a hawk .

A. mustn’t        B. mightn’t       C. can’t       D. might

（    ）11. Man       reach the moon or any other star in the universe now , but we      get there years ago .

A. can ; couldn’t         B. are able to ; weren’t able to

C. must ; needn’t         D. can ; had to

（    ）12. Grandfather ,       my sister come ?

A. will       B. shall        C. would        D. could

（    ）13. “ What       I do for you ? ” means “      I help you ? ”

A. can , May        B. shall ; Need        C. can ; Can        D. will ; Shall

（    ）14. — May I use your camera this Sunday ?

   — No , you       .

A. needn’t      B. may not       C. won’t       D. mustn’t

（    ）15. I       like to go to the cinema with mother on Saturday evening .

A. will         B. shall          C. would       D. can

（    ）16. You       mind your own business .

A. should       B. are able       C. have to       D. had better

（    ）17. The speaker spoke slowly so that he       be heard clearly .

A. would       B. should        C. could         D. shall

（    ）18. The patient       live long for his cancer .

A. has to       B. mustn’t        C. can not       D. needn’t

（    ）19. That naughty boy       go out alone at night .

A. dare not     B. dare not to      C. doesn’t dare    D. didn’t dare

（    ）20. — May I see the secretary ?

— Try . But she      （可能不）want to meet anyone .

A. can’t        B. can          C. may not       D. may be not

（    ）21. —Could I borrow your dictionary?

         —Yes, of course you ______.

A. might     B. will     C. can   D. should

（    ）22. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ______ get out．

      A. had to    B. would     C. could     D. was able to

（    ）23. The monitor must be in the reading-room,_____?

A. mustn’t      B. doesn’t     C. needn’t    D. isn’t

（    ）24. He hardly ______ say anything more, since you know all about it.

A. don’t     B. needn’t    C. needs    D. need  

（    ）25.You _____ to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do.

A. needn’t to come                B. don’t need come

C. don’t need coming             D. needn’t come

（    ）26. —May I pick a flower in the garden ? —______.

A. No, you needn’t    B. Not, please 

C. No, you mustn’t    D. No, you won’t

（    ）27.—Helen, will you be at the party tonight ?

—Yes, but I have so much homework to do that I really _______.

A. won’t     B. can’t     C. mustn’t     D. shouldn’t

（    ）28. If you listen to me, you _____ have some candies, Deary .

A. shall    B. may   C. will    D. must

（    ）29. Peter ____ come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet.

A. may      B. can      C. will      D. must

（    ）30.—Dare you go home at night ?

 —_________.

A. Yes, I do                  B. No, I daren’t 

C. No, I don’t                D. Yes, I dare so.

（    ）31. When you go abroad, do you _____ take your passport ?

A. have to     B. ought to      C. be able to    D. need

（    ）32.—You must phone us every week.

 —Yes, I _____.

A. must    B. have to    C. will    D. should

（    ）33. —Your language teacher looks a rather kind woman.

—But in fact she is cold and hard on us. You _____ believe it.

A. should   B. wouldn’t    C. mustn’t   D. might not.

（    ）34. A wise man __ sometimes make a mistake.

A. can   B. may   C. might  D. must

（    ）35. Don’t get the ink on your shirt, for it _________.

A. won’t wash out                B. won’t be washed out

C. doesn’t wash out               D. can’t be washed out

（    ）36. —Is your father still an engineer ? —_______.  

A. Yes, he was                   B. He didn’t use to

C. No, but he used to              D. No, but he used to be

（    ）37. There are so many people in the street that I _____ get through.

A. can’t     B. couldn’t     C. needn’t     D. mustn’t

（    ）38. The classroom is empty. They must have gone to the sports ground,________?

A. don’t they     B. didn’t they     C. haven’t they     D. hadn’t they

（    ）39. —You ought to have come earlier.

—Yes, I ______.But the traffic was heavy.

A. ought to     B. should      C. must have     D. should have

（    ）40. Last night he hurt his leg, but at last he ______ get home safely.  

A. could      B. can       C. dare      D. was able to

（    ）41. —Shall I tell John about it ?

—No, you ______.I’ve told him already.

A. needn’t      B. wouldn’t      C. mustn’t     D. shouldn’t

（    ）42. Tom ought not to_____ me your secret, but he meant no harm.

A. have told     B. tell     C. be telling     D. having told

（    ）43. —When can I come for the photos ? I need them tomorrow afternoon.

—They _____ be ready by 12:00.

A. can      B. should      C. might      D. need

（    ）44. Sorry I’m late. I ___ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.

A. might       B. should       C. can       D. will

（    ）45. —Are you coming to Jeff’s party ?

   —I’m not sure. I _____ go to the concert instead.

A. must      B. should     C. would     D. might

（    ）46. —Write to me when you get home.

—________.

A. I must      B. I should   C. I will     D. I can

（    ）47. —I hear you have got a set of valuable Australian coins. _____ I have a look ?

   —Yes, certainly.

A. Do    B. May    C. Shall   D. Should

（    ）48. —Is John coming by train ?

  —He should, but he ______ not. He likes driving his car.

A. must      B. can       C. need     D. may

【试题答案】

一.

  1—10 CBBBCDDACC

  11—20 ABCBCDCCAC

21—30 CDDDDCBAAB     

31—40 ACAAADACDD

41—48 AABADCBD